GROPIUS, WALTER

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GROPIUS, WALTER (1883–1969), architect; director of the Bauhaus.* Theson of a Berlin* architect, he began his own architectural studies in 1903 atMunich's Technische Hochschule. During 1906–1907 he constructed the firstbuildings of his own design for an uncle in Pomerania. While working in Berlinin 1908–1910 as chief assistant to Peter Behrens,* he became friends with LudwigMies.* Establishing a practice in 1910 with Adolf Meyer, he designed theglass and concrete Fagus-Werk, a shoelast factory in Alfeld an der Leine, anda model factory for the 1914 Werkbund Exhibition in Cologne. His style, whichcombined modern building materials with an aesthetic of geometrical sobriety,was well established by this time.Gropius's Hussar Regiment was mobilized in August 1914, and he spent mostof the next four years at the front. During a hard-won furlough in 1915 hemarried Alma Mahler, widow of Gustav Mahler. They were rarely together, andAlma's restlessness resulted in their divorce after the war. He had already beenoffered direction of Weimar's Kunstgewerbeschule in 1914 and was asked bythe Grossherzog of Saxe-Weimar to direct both the Kunstgewerbeschule andWeimar's Kunstakademie in late 1918. When the revolution captured his imagination,he went to Berlin, where, with Bruno Taut* and the critic Adolf Behne,he founded the Arbeitsrat fu¨r Kunst.* Back in Weimar in April 1919, he consolidatedthe two institutions into the Staatliches Bauhaus Weimar and launchedan effort to unify artistry and craftsmanship.