Aung San

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Aung San (1914 or 1916–1947) Burmesecollaborator with the JapaneseAung San was the leader of the Dobama Asi-ayone("We Burmans") Society, popularly known as theThakin Society, a pre–World War II Burmesenationalist group made up of communist-leaningstudents mostly from Rangoon University. Thakinis the Burmese word for "master," commonly used134 Auchinleck, Claude John Ayreby colonial Burmans in addressing Europeans;applying it to a nationalist society was a proclamationof the members' equality with the European"masters." As leader of the Thakin Society, AungSang was anti-British, focused exclusively on securingBurmese independence from Great Britain. Hesaw collaboration with the Japanese in World WarII as a means of breaking free from colonial domination.However, late in the war, Aung San brokewith the Japanese and aligned himself and his followerswith the Allies.Aung San was born into a family that had longbeen involved in the Burmese resistance againstBritish rule. At Rangoon University, Aung San wassecretary of the students' union and, with U Nu,led a mass students' strike in February 1936. FollowingBurma's separation from India in 1937 andhis own graduation in 1938, Aung San joined theThakin Society, becoming its secretary general—leader—in 1939. The following year, having temporarilyfled Burma, he was in China, seekinginternational support for the independence movement.There he was approached by Japanese agents,through whom he concluded an alliance wherebythe Japanese government assisted him in forminga Burmese military force, dubbed the Burma IndependenceArmy, which fought alongside the Japanesein their 1942 invasion of Burma.From August 1942 to August 1943, Aung Sanled the Burma Independence Army with the rankof Japanese major general. Under him, the forcesteadily expanded and assumed administration ofeach occupied area. In 1943, the Japanese set up apuppet government under Ba Maw, in which AungSan was appointed minister of defense. However,Aung San became increasingly wary of the Japaneseand began to doubt their promises of ultimateBurmese independence. More urgently, it becameapparent to Aung San that the Japanese were destinedto lose the war, and he saw that as theybecame increasingly desperate, Japanese officerstreated Burmese forces with harsh contempt. InAugust 1944, therefore, he secretly formed theAnti-Fascist Organization (which later became theAnti-Fascist People's Freedom League), an organizingbase for guerilla resistance against the Japaneseoccupiers. In March 1945, Aung San made thebreak with Japan open by renaming his militaryforces the Burma National Army and formallydeclaring for the Allied cause.Following the surrender of Japan in August1945, British administrators sought to co-opt theBurma National Army by absorbing it into theregular army, but Aung San, a canny politicalleader, held back the most important leaders of theforce and, with them, created the People's VolunteerOrganization. To all appearances a veterans'association committed to social service, this groupwas actually a closely held political army, whichwas intended to displace the Burma National Armyand to lead a renewed struggle for independence.In the meantime, Aung San became deputy chairmanof Burma's Executive Council in 1946, effectivelythe Burmese prime minister, although stillsubject to the veto of a British governor. But thiswas the era of Clement Attlee and the LabourParty, not Winston Churchill and the Conservative-dominated coalition. Negotiations withAttlee produced an agreement on January 27, 1947,granting Burma independence within a year.Aung San's party swept the elections for a constitutionalassembly in April 1947, but the hardlineBurmese communists had denounced him as adupe and tool of British imperialism. Nevertheless,he assumed the office of prime minister, only to beassassinated in the Executive Council chamber byagents of his political rival, U Saw, on July 19, 1947.Six colleagues, including his brother, were alsokilled. U Saw was subsequently tried and executed.