Tellus

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(Terra Mater) Roman A goddess offecundity, or the ability to produce young. Peoplesought her protection and help even before theydeveloped formalized religion in Italy. Many scholarssee Tellus as an equivalent of the Greek Gaia, theEarth Mother. Tellus means "Earth," as the nameof the third planet from the Sun, though the word"Terra" in her alternative name refers to soil or land.Tellus was also the divinity who watched over weddingceremonies and whose goodwill couples soughtbefore their marriages.On April 15, people gathered to sacrifice a pregnantcow to Tellus. They cut the unborn calf from itsmother and burned it, too. In this ceremony, peoplesought protection of their own fertility.Romans seem to have worshiped Tellus in conjunctionwith the goddesses Ceres and Flora, bothRoman goddesses of fertility, though Tellus is moreancient. All three were feared as goddesses of thedead, Tellus as their queen. This image seems to haveevolved from people's understanding that death wasthe opposite of birth and the belief the goddess ofone function must have an influence over the other.On December 13, people honored Tellus, Ceres, andFlora together.