Achilles
Publié le 05/12/2021
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Greek The son of Peleus and Thetis; married to Deidamia; father of Neoptolemus. Achilles is the central figure of Homer's Iliad, the story of the Trojan War, a 20-year battle between the Greeks and the Trojans after the abduction of Helen by Paris. Writers after Homer further developed the story of Achilles, and around this figure grew a series of great legends. A soothsayer prophesied that without the aid of Achilles the Greeks would never defeat the Trojans. Achilles went bravely into battle and indeed the Greeks won the war. Achilles was a hero in battle, and he has become a symbol of the fighting man doomed to die in war but glorying in the fulfillment of heroism and achievement. He is a vivid character, given to rages and revenge, such as his barbarous treatment of the body of the slain Trojan hero Hector. The Childhood of Achilles Thetis, the mother of Achilles, was a sea Nymph who had been wooed by Zeus and Poseidon. She reluctantly married Peleus and left him soon after the birth of Achilles. Knowing that Achilles was destined to be a hero who would win glory but also die in battle, she bathed the infant in the river Styx, trying to make him invulnerable to wounds. But the heel by which she held the child remained dry, and it was from an arrow wound in that heel that Achilles eventually died. The arrow was shot by either Apollo or Paris, in a battle near the end of the Trojan War. As Achilles grew, Thetis put him in the care of Chiron, the gentle and wise Centaur. Chiron fed the lad the entrails of lions and the marrow of bears to make him brave, and taught him the arts of riding and hunting as well as of music and healing. When the Greek leaders began to prepare for war with Troy, Peleus, knowing that Achilles faced certain death in Troy, hid his son in the court of Lycomedes, king of Scyros, and disguised him as a girl. However, since the seer Calchas had prophesied that without Achilles the Trojans would never be defeated in the war, the Greeks were determined to seek out the young man. Odysseus, another Greek hero, sent presents to the "girl," among them a superb spear and shield. When Achilles promptly and expertly took up these objects in a battle alarm, the Greeks recognized him for the man that he was and they led him off to the battlefield. Achilles at War Achilles had early training in the art of war (as well as of music and healing) from Chiron. When he went to war against the Trojans, Achilles led his own army, unlike the rest of the Greeks, who acknowledged Agamemnon as their leader. It had been prophesied that without Achilles the Trojans would triumph over the Greeks. Therefore there was much dismay when Agamemnon and Achilles quarreled over the beautiful captive Briseis, who had been stolen away from Achilles by Agamemnon. In a fury, Achilles withdrew his army from the war, with disastrous results for the Greeks. This is the quarrel from which the events described in the Iliad commence. When the Greeks began to lose ground in the battle against the Trojans, Achilles finally sent his troops back into war under the leadership of Patroclus, his dearest friend. Patroclus was killed by the Trojan hero Hector. Achilles then went back into the war and routed the Trojans. He slew Hector. Despite the anguished pleas of Priam (king of the Trojans and father of Hector), Achilles dragged Hector's body around the wall of Troy and the tomb of Patroclus. Achilles finally gave Hector's mutilated body to Priam in return for the warrior's weight in gold.
Greek The son of Peleus and Thetis; married to Deidamia; father of Neoptolemus. Achilles is the central figure of Homer's Iliad, the story of the Trojan War, a 20-year battle between the Greeks and the Trojans after the abduction of Helen by Paris. Writers after Homer further developed the story of Achilles, and around this figure grew a series of great legends. A soothsayer prophesied that without the aid of Achilles the Greeks would never defeat the Trojans. Achilles went bravely into battle and indeed the Greeks won the war. Achilles was a hero in battle, and he has become a symbol of the fighting man doomed to die in war but glorying in the fulfillment of heroism and achievement. He is a vivid character, given to rages and revenge, such as his barbarous treatment of the body of the slain Trojan hero Hector. The Childhood of Achilles Thetis, the mother of Achilles, was a sea Nymph who had been wooed by Zeus and Poseidon. She reluctantly married Peleus and left him soon after the birth of Achilles. Knowing that Achilles was destined to be a hero who would win glory but also die in battle, she bathed the infant in the river Styx, trying to make him invulnerable to wounds. But the heel by which she held the child remained dry, and it was from an arrow wound in that heel that Achilles eventually died. The arrow was shot by either Apollo or Paris, in a battle near the end of the Trojan War. As Achilles grew, Thetis put him in the care of Chiron, the gentle and wise Centaur. Chiron fed the lad the entrails of lions and the marrow of bears to make him brave, and taught him the arts of riding and hunting as well as of music and healing. When the Greek leaders began to prepare for war with Troy, Peleus, knowing that Achilles faced certain death in Troy, hid his son in the court of Lycomedes, king of Scyros, and disguised him as a girl. However, since the seer Calchas had prophesied that without Achilles the Trojans would never be defeated in the war, the Greeks were determined to seek out the young man. Odysseus, another Greek hero, sent presents to the "girl," among them a superb spear and shield. When Achilles promptly and expertly took up these objects in a battle alarm, the Greeks recognized him for the man that he was and they led him off to the battlefield. Achilles at War Achilles had early training in the art of war (as well as of music and healing) from Chiron. When he went to war against the Trojans, Achilles led his own army, unlike the rest of the Greeks, who acknowledged Agamemnon as their leader. It had been prophesied that without Achilles the Trojans would triumph over the Greeks. Therefore there was much dismay when Agamemnon and Achilles quarreled over the beautiful captive Briseis, who had been stolen away from Achilles by Agamemnon. In a fury, Achilles withdrew his army from the war, with disastrous results for the Greeks. This is the quarrel from which the events described in the Iliad commence. When the Greeks began to lose ground in the battle against the Trojans, Achilles finally sent his troops back into war under the leadership of Patroclus, his dearest friend. Patroclus was killed by the Trojan hero Hector. Achilles then went back into the war and routed the Trojans. He slew Hector. Despite the anguished pleas of Priam (king of the Trojans and father of Hector), Achilles dragged Hector's body around the wall of Troy and the tomb of Patroclus. Achilles finally gave Hector's mutilated body to Priam in return for the warrior's weight in gold.